在本文章中,我们来学习Java中不同类型数据库的JDBC驱动程序库的使用。
1- 介绍
下面文章将介绍下载和使用一些数据库的JDBC驱动程序库。在这里,有关数据库类型如下:
- Oracle
- MySQL
- SQL Server.
2- 对于Oracle的JDBC驱动程序
Oracle数据库库驱动程序通常命名为:ojdbc14.jar, ojdbc6.jar, ... 所不同的是它打包的Java版本。- ojdbc14.jar: 由Java1.4版编译和打包
- ojdbc6.jar: 由Java1.6版编译和打包
更多详细信息可以查看并从甲骨文网站下载:
可以下载 ojdbc6.jar 文件,它可以使用在不同版本(XE,10G,11G,12C)的Oracle数据库。 目前几乎所有的 Java 应用程序使用 Java6 版本或更高版本。
要从甲骨文网站下载文件,必须有一个Oracle帐号(免费注册)。
为了节省时间,您可以通过以下链接下载:
下载结果:
2.1- Maven关联Oracle JDBC驱动程序
<repositories> <!-- Repository for ORACLE ojdbc6. --> <repository> <id>codelds</id> <url>https://code.lds.org/nexus/content/groups/main-repo</url> </repository> </repositories> ....... <dependencies> ...... <!-- Oracle database driver --> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId> <version>11.2.0.3</version> </dependency> ....... </dependencies>
2.2- 如何使用 (ojdbc)?
// Driver class: oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver // URL Connection String: (SID) String urlString ="jdbc:oracle:thin:@myhost:1521:mysid" // URL Connection String: (Service Name) String urlString ="jdbc:oracle:thin:username/pass@//myhost:1521/myservicename" // Or: String urlString ="jdbc:oracle:thin:@myhost:1521/myservicename";
例如 JDBC 连接到 Oracle 数据库。
- OracleConnUtils.java
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class OracleConnUtils { public static Connection getOracleConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { String hostName = "localhost"; String sid = "db11g"; String userName = "learningsql"; String password = "1234"; return getOracleConnection(hostName, sid, userName, password); } public static Connection getOracleConnection(String hostName, String sid, String userName, String password) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { // Declare the class Driver for Oracle DB // This is necessary with Java 5 (or older) // Java6 (or newer) automatically find the appropriate driver. // If you use Java> 6, then this line is not needed. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); // Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:db11g String connectionURL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + hostName + ":1521:" + sid; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, userName, password); return conn; } }
3- MySQL的JDBC驱动程序
也可以下载MySQL数据库JDBC库在:
下载结果:
3.1- 如何使用?
如何使用MySQL-connector-java-xxx.jar : (JDBC for MySQL)
// Driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver // URL Connection String: String url = "jdbc:mysql://hostname:3306/dbname"; // Example: String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/simplehr";
例如,使用 JDBC 连接到 MySQL 数据库
- MySQLConnUtils.java
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class MySQLConnUtils { public static Connection getMySQLConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { String hostName = "localhost"; String dbName = "learningsql"; String userName = "root"; String password = "12345"; return getMySQLConnection(hostName, dbName, userName, password); } public static Connection getMySQLConnection(String hostName, String dbName, String userName, String password) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException { // Declare the class Driver for Oracle DB // This is necessary with Java 5 (or older) // Java6 (or newer) automatically find the appropriate driver. // If you use Java> 5, then this line is not needed. Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // Ví dụ: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/simplehr String connectionURL = "jdbc:mysql://" + hostName + ":3306/" + dbName; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, userName, password); return conn; } }
3.2- 有些问题出现,如何解决它
在某些情况下,Java连接或另一台计算机链接MySQL会发生出错。其原因可能是没有配置MySQL服务器,以允许其他计算机的连接。
4- JDBC SQLServer (JTDS)
JTDS是另一个SQL Server管理数据库的JDBC库,它是一个开源库。
JTDS是一个开源的100%纯Java(4类)JDBC3.0驱动程序的Microsoft SQL Server(6.5,7,2000,2005,2008,2012)和Sybase ASE(10,11,12,15)。JTDS基于freetds的,目前是SQL Server和Sybase最快生产就绪的JDBC驱动程序。JTDS是100%与JDBC 3.0兼容,只向前和可滚动/可更新结果集支持并执行所有的DatabaseMetaData和ResultSetMetaData方法。
您可以下载JTDS在:
结果下载:
4.1- 如何使用(jtds)
使用方法:(用于SQL Server JDBC驱动程序)
// Driver Class net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver // Connection URL String: jdbc:jtds:<server_type>://<server>[:<port>][/<database>][;<property>=<value>[;...]] // Example 1: String url = "jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://MYPC:1433/simplehr;instance=SQLEXPRESS;user=sa;password=s3cr3t"; getConnection(url); // Example 2: String url = "jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://MYPC:1433/simplehr;instance=SQLEXPRESS"; getConnection(url, "sa", "s3cr3t"):
例如,使用JDBC连接到MySQL数据库(用JTDS库)
- SQLServerConnUtils_JTDS.java
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class SQLServerConnUtils_JTDS { // Connect to SQLServer. // (Using JTDS library) public static Connection getSQLServerConnection_JTDS() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException { String hostName = "localhost"; String sqlInstanceName = "SQLEXPRESS"; String database = "simplehr"; String userName = "sa"; String password = "12345"; return getSQLServerConnection_JTDS(hostName, sqlInstanceName, database, userName, password); } // JTDS & SQLServer. private static Connection getSQLServerConnection_JTDS(String hostName, String sqlInstanceName, String database, String userName, String password) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { // Declare the class Driver for Oracle DB // This is necessary with Java 5 (or older) // Java6 (or newer) automatically find the appropriate driver. // If you use Java> 5, then this line is not needed. Class.forName("net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver"); // Example: // jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433/simplehr;instance=SQLEXPRESS String connectionURL = "jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://" + hostName + ":1433/" + database + ";instance=" + sqlInstanceName; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, userName, password); return conn; } }
4.2- 有些问题,如何解决它?
在某些情况下,我们连接到SQL Server可能会发生一些错误情况:
Exception in thread "main" java.sql.SQLException: Server tran-vmware has no instance named SQLEXPRESS. at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.JtdsConnection.<init>(JtdsConnection.java:301) at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver.connect(Driver.java:184) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215) at com.yiibai.tutorial.jdbc.ConnectionUtils.getSQLServerConnection_JTDS(ConnectionUtils.java:189) at com.yiibai.tutorial.jdbc.ConnectionUtils.getSQLServerConnection_JTDS(ConnectionUtils.java:72) at com.yiibai.tutorial.jdbc.ConnectionUtils.getMyConnection(ConnectionUtils.java:31) at com.yiibai.tutorial.jdbc.TestConnection.main(TestConnection.java:20)
存在上述错误,因为没有启用SQL Server的TCP/IP服务。
5- JDBC与 SQLServer (SQLJDBC)
SQLJDBC库是由微软提供的。
下载地址:
解压刚刚下载的文件。
解压后的结果如下:
5.1- 如何使用 (sqljdbc)
// Driver Class: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"); // Url String: String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://ServerIp;Instance=SQLEXPRESS;databaseName=simplehr"; // or String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://ServerIp:1433;Instance=SQLEXPRESS;databaseName=simplehr"; String user = "dbUserID"; String pass = "dbUserPassword"; Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass);
例如,使用JDBC连接到SQLServer数据库(用SQLJDBC库)。
- SQLServerConnUtils_SQLJDBC.java
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class SQLServerConnUtils_SQLJDBC { // Connect to SQLServer. // (Using SQLJDBC) public static Connection getSQLServerConnection_SQLJDBC() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { String hostName = "localhost"; String sqlInstanceName = "SQLEXPRESS"; String database = "learningsql"; String userName = "sa"; String password = "12345"; return getSQLServerConnection_SQLJDBC(hostName, sqlInstanceName, database, userName, password); } // SQLServer & SQLJDBC. private static Connection getSQLServerConnection_SQLJDBC(String hostName, String sqlInstanceName, String database, String userName, String password) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException { // Declare the class Driver for Oracle DB // This is necessary with Java 5 (or older) // Java6 (or newer) automatically find the appropriate driver. // If you use Java> 5, then this line is not needed. Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"); // Example: // jdbc:sqlserver://ServerIp:1433/SQLEXPRESS;databaseName=simplehr String connectionURL = "jdbc:sqlserver://" + hostName + ":1433" + ";instance=" + sqlInstanceName + ";databaseName=" + database; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, userName, password); return conn; } }
5.2- 出现一些麻烦,如何解决它
在某些情况下,我们连接到SQL Server会发生一些错误情况:
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The TCP/IP connection to the host localhost, port 1433 has failed. Error: "Connection refused: connect. Verify the connection properties. Make sure that an instance of SQL Server is running on the host and accepting TCP/IP connections at the port. Make sure that TCP connections to the port are not blocked by a firewall.". at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDriverError(SQLServerException.java:190) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.ConvertConnectExceptionToSQLServerException(SQLServerException.java:241) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SocketFinder.findSocket(IOBuffer.java:2243) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel.open(IOBuffer.java:491) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectHelper(SQLServerConnection.java:1309) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.login(SQLServerConnection.java:991) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connect(SQLServerConnection.java:827) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver.connect(SQLServerDriver.java:1012) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source) ...
如存在上述错误,因为可能没有启用SQL Server的TCP/IP服务。需要启动SQLServer服务,如果仍然出现以下错误:
Exception in thread "main" com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The TCP/IP connection to the host tran-vmware, port 1433 has failed. Error: "Connection refused: connect. Verify the connection properties. Make sure that an instance of SQL Server is running on the host and accepting TCP/IP connections at the port. Make sure that TCP connections to the port are not blocked by a firewall.". at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDriverError(SQLServerException.java:190) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.ConvertConnectExceptionToSQLServerException(SQLServerException.java:241) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SocketFinder.findSocket(IOBuffer.java:2243) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel.open(IOBuffer.java:491) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectHelper(SQLServerConnection.java:1309) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.login(SQLServerConnection.java:991) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connect(SQLServerConnection.java:827) at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver.connect(SQLServerDriver.java:1012) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571) at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:215) ...
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您应该考虑使用JTDS了
6- JDBC驱动和MongoDB
JDBC驱动程序MongoDB,你从下面的网址下载:
您也可以在Maven仓库下载: