maven 使用 Archetype 概念为用户提供不同类型的项目模板,它是一个非常大的列表(614个数字)。 maven 使用下面的命令来帮助用户快速开始构建一个新的 Java 项目。
mvn archetype:generate
什么是Archetype?
Archetype 是一个 Maven 插件,其任务是按照其模板来创建一个项目结构。在这里我们将使用 quickstart 原型插件来创建一个简单的 Java应用程序。
使用项目模板
让我们打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\>MVN 目录,然后执行以下命令 mvn 命令,如下代码所示:
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate
Maven 开始处理,并按要求选择所需的原型,执行结果如下图中所示:
INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate ... 600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype (-) 601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype (-) 602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype (-) 603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype (-) 604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype Basic setup for a project that combines Scala and Wicket, depending on the Wicket-Scala project. Includes an example Specs test.) 605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype (-) 606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish (-) 607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring (-) 608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Components.) 609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.) 610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component (The ZK Component archetype) 611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp (The ZK wepapp archetype) 612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype (-) 613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype (-) 614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype (-) Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 203:
按 Enter 键选择默认选项(203:maven-archetype-quickstart)
Maven会要求原型的特定版本
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6:
按 Enter 键选择默认选项(6:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1)
Maven会要求填写项目细节信息。如果要使用默认值可直接按回车。也可以通过输入自己的值覆盖它们。
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance Define value for property 'artifactId': : health Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance:
Maven会要求确认项目的细节信息,可按回车键或按 Y 来确认。
Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.companyname.insurance artifactId: health version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.companyname.insurance Y:
现在,Maven将开始创建项目结构,并会显示如下内容:
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:MVNhealth [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
创建项目
现在进入到 C:\mvn 目录。会看到有一个 java 应用程序项目已创建了,它是在创建项目时给出 artifactId 命名:health 。 Maven 将创建一个标准的目录结构布局,如下图所示:
创建pom.xml
Maven 项目中的生成如下所列出 pom.xml 文件,其内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId> <artifactId>health</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>health</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
创建App.java
Maven 示例生成 Java 源文件,App.java下面列出项目:
位置:C:\>MVN\health\src\main\java\com\companyname\insurance> App.java
package com.companyname.insurance;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
}
}
创建 AppTest.java
Maven 实例生成 Java 源测试文件,项目中的 AppTest.java 测试文件如下面列出:
位置: C:\ > MVN > health > src > test > java > com > companyname > insurance > AppTest.java
package com.companyname.insurance; import junit.framework.Test; import junit.framework.TestCase; import junit.framework.TestSuite; /** * Unit test for simple App. */ public class AppTest extends TestCase { /** * Create the test case * * @param testName name of the test case */ public AppTest( String testName ) { super( testName ); } /** * @return the suite of tests being tested */ public static Test suite() { return new TestSuite( AppTest.class ); } /** * Rigourous Test :-) */ public void testApp() { assertTrue( true ); } }
就是这样。现在就可以看到 Maven 的功能了。可以使用 maven 单一命令来创建任何类型的项目并开始开发。