可以使用GROUP BY按列的值进行分组,并且,如果愿意的话,也可对列进行计算。可以使用COUNT, SUM, AVG等函数,在上页进行列的分组计算。
要了解GROUP BY子句,我们先考虑有一个 employee_tbl表,这具有以下记录:
mysql> create table employee_tabl( id int(10) not null primary key auto_increment, name varchar(32) not null default '', work_date date, daily_typing_pages int(10) default 0 ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec) INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('John', '2015-01-24', 150); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Ram', '2015-07-27', 220); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Jack', '2015-05-06', 170); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Jack', '2015-01-24', 100); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Jill', '2015-01-24', 220); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Zara', '2015-01-26', 300); INSERT INTO employee_tabl(name, work_date,daily_typing_pages) VALUES('Zara', '2015-02-24', 350);
查询结果:
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_tabl; +------+------+------------+--------------------+ | id | name | work_date | daily_typing_pages | +------+------+------------+--------------------+ | 1 | John | 2015-01-24 | 150 | | 2 | Ram | 2015-05-27 | 220 | | 3 | Jack | 2015-05-06 | 170 | | 3 | Jack | 2015-04-06 | 100 | | 4 | Jill | 2015-04-06 | 220 | | 5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 | 300 | | 5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 | 350 | +------+------+------------+--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在假定在上表的基础上,要算天每个员工做的工作数量。
如果我们如写一个SQL查询,那么我们将得到以下结果:
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee_tbl; +---------------------------+ | COUNT(*) | +---------------------------+ | 7 | +---------------------------+
但是,这不是我们的服务目的,我们要分页显示打印每个人的总数。这是通过使用联聚合函数GROUP BY子句如下:
mysql> SELECT name, COUNT(*) -> FROM employee_tbl -> GROUP BY name; +------+----------+ | name | COUNT(*) | +------+----------+ | Jack | 2 | | Jill | 1 | | John | 1 | | Ram | 1 | | Zara | 2 | +------+----------+ 5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
我们会看到更多相关 GROUP BY 的函数,如SUM,AVG等